In settlements before the labour courts, it is regularly stated that the employee’s holiday entitlement is “contributed and granted in kind”. The Federal Labour Court has now set a limit on this practice in its ruling of 3 June 2025: the statutory minimum holiday entitlement cannot be effectively waived, even by means of a court settlement.
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Business valuation is a central foundation for strategic decisions – for example, in succession planning, the sale of a company, or the entry of investors. A sound valuation not only helps entrepreneurs during negotiations but also supports their own planning, and is therefore at the core of any succession arrangement.
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For business owners or shareholders, it is almost essential to draw up an entrepreneur’s will. But what else do you need to know and consider when it comes to entrepreneur’s wills and succession planning?
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The cash register is the central hub of any hotel and gastronomy business – from breakfast rolls to the last round at the bar. Since 2023, even a technical error during a data export can call the accuracy of bookkeeping into question. If POS data isn’t provided in the required standard format, tax authorities are allowed to estimate revenues – in extreme cases, even fully. The legal basis for this is § 158 (2) No. 2 of the German Fiscal Code (AO).
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Business owners and shareholders should not leave their succession to the law in order to prevent negative consequences of statutory succession on the business and/or the heirs in the event of death. This applies to owners of sole proprietorships as well as shareholders of partnerships and corporations.
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Until now, association law has made it possible to appoint individuals as special representatives: representatives with institutional power of representation alongside the executive board. But what does this mean for the employee status of a managing director employed by an association? The Federal Labour Court (BAG) has ruled on this issue – with implications for the future structure of managing director contracts and powers of attorney.
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More and more people are turning to the internet for information on wills and estate planning. Will generators—online tools used to create wills—appear to offer a quick, inexpensive, and legally secure solution. However, relying solely on will-writing software is not without its risks.
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For many companies, the statutory or group audit is primarily a compliance requirement. Today, however, it has become much more: with modern tools and digital expertise, the audit can turn into a driver of efficient and future-oriented corporate management. In this article, you will learn how to leverage the added value of the audit to strengthen your company’s success.
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To date, there has been no central register for foundations in Germany. This is set to change in 2026 with the introduction of a nationwide foundation register. The aim is to create transparency and replace the existing foundation registers maintained by the federal states. This will affect foundations with legal capacity under civil law, regardless of whether they pursue private or charitable purposes.
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Cryptocurrencies are now widely used as a means of payment or for investment purposes. However, they can also be used as remuneration, offering great potential for employers and employees alike, but also posing many risks and challenges. The following article focuses on the tax implications of cryptocurrency as remuneration.
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Most people are only familiar with the concept of renouncing an inheritance in connection with an over-indebted estate. However, if structured and implemented correctly, renunciation can be an effective means of actively influencing the succession even after a person’s death, e.g. for tax reasons.
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As part of lifetime business succession planning, businesses or partnership shares are frequently transferred by way of gift to successors—often with a retained usufruct (beneficial interest) in favor of the donor. To maximize available tax benefits—particularly exemption allowances—stringent compliance with specific regulatory requirements is essential.
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The ability to balance cash registers is essential for catering businesses in order to avoid complaints during audits. The change held in waiters’ wallets poses particular risks. This article explains the legal and practical considerations.
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The world of influencers is booming. With millions of followers and lucrative advertising deals, influencers have become a significant economic force. But with growing success, tax obligations and potential misconduct are also coming under the scrutiny of the authorities. Tax investigators in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) are currently making headlines as initial investigations into tax evasion by influencers have been launched. But what is behind this and what tax pitfalls should influencers be aware of?
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Whether it’s international DJs at weddings, foreign technology companies for conferences or licence fees to franchisors abroad – many hotels and restaurants are now part of international service and contract structures. What many people don’t know is that this can lead to tax risks and potential payment obligations. The reason: Section 50a of the Income Tax Act (EStG).
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An employee who is released from work by their employer following termination does not, in principle, maliciously refrain from other gainful employment within the meaning of Section 615 sentence 2 of the German Civil Code (BGB) if they do not enter into a new employment relationship before the end of the notice period.
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Virtual options have become a popular means of incentivising employees. Among other things, they are intended to retain employees and reward and remunerate them for their loyalty to the company. Clauses in employment contracts that stipulate that virtual options expire in the event of voluntary resignation are therefore invalid due to unreasonable discrimination (Federal Labour Court, ruling of 19 March 2025, ref.: 10 AZR 67/24).
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According to the Statistisches Bundesamt (Federal Statistical Office), there were around 43 million homes in Germany at the end of 2023 – more than half of which are rented, many by private individuals. However, many private landlords are unaware that they too can be considered VAT-registered businesses.
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The tax classification of real estate that is used for both business and private purposes is a complex issue in practice that is often overlooked. Tax classification is particularly important for mixed-use real estate, as it determines the tax treatment of acquisition and production costs, depreciation and subsequent capital gains tax.
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Due to the high property prices, even supposedly “normal” houses and condominiums often exceed the tax-free amounts in the event of inheritance or a gift. However, there are specific tax exemptions, especially for owner-occupied residential property, which can bring considerable financial benefits. If you bequeath or give away a property,
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Would you like to sell cryptocurrencies and transfer the proceeds to your account?
It doesn’t necessarily sound like a problematic process, but it can become a major challenge, keyword: crypto proof of origin or proof of funds. As the crypto market becomes increasingly regulated, this proof is becoming more and more important. In the following article, we will show you why proof of funds may be required for crypto, what it must contain and how you can best prepare for it.
Interim invoices are part of everyday life in the hotel industry and gastronomy – but from a financial administration perspective, they harbour considerable risks. Restaurateurs who pass on interim bills to their guests without clear allocation or without a transaction number risk tax consequences and legal trouble.
What do restaurateurs need to bear in mind to play it safe during tax audits?
Many people put off dealing with their will. However, anyone who has assets – whether in the form of real estate or company shares – or a complex family structure should not rely on the legal succession process. This often leads to disputes, tax burdens or outcomes that nobody wanted.
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Cryptocurrencies are becoming increasingly relevant in everyday life. They offer many advantages, but also disadvantages such as significant price fluctuations. But are cryptocurrencies suitable for paying wages, or are employers bound to conventional currencies? The Federal Labour Court (BAG) recently addressed this question.
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The Berlin will is popular among married couples for jointly settling their estate. However, this type of will has tax disadvantages for children that are difficult to ‘correct’ after the death of one spouse. One way to avoid tax disadvantages for children after the death of a spouse is to make a directed disclaimer.
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The need to protect your assets from third parties is legitimate. Asset protection is an important issue, particularly for people with large and very large assets, and should always be considered when planning your estate.
A recent example of asset transfers to protect assets from third-party claims is the case of René Benko,
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In a letter dated 6 March 2025, the Federal Ministry of Finance (BMF) clarified its position on the taxation of crypto assets and tightened key points. Particular emphasis is placed on the taxpayer’s obligations to cooperate, which have often been underestimated in the past. Anyone who trades in cryptocurrencies or otherwise generates income from digital assets now has a significantly greater responsibility to disclose all tax-relevant information to the tax office in full – regardless of the platform on which the trading took place.
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Close relatives can be disinherited by a will – but the compulsory portion remains. It gets really tricky when the estate is mostly made up of property. The compulsory portion claim can then become a big cash flow problem for the heirs. How can you avoid disputes over the compulsory portion?
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In the context of business succession, it is common for business owners to transfer company shares to the next generation by way of gifts.
It is equally conceivable to gift company shares to employees for strategic reasons. But is such a gift, e.g. of shares in a limited liability company (GmbH), subject to income tax as remuneration? The Federal Fiscal Court recently addressed this question.
The construction withholding tax is an important measure aimed at preventing tax evasion and illegal working practices in the construction industry. The recipient of the construction service, e.g. the landlord who purchases the construction work, must therefore pay 15% of the invoice amount directly to the tax office in certain cases.
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In March 2025, the Federal Ministry of Finance published an important decision that should please many restaurateurs and hoteliers: the previous general requirement to record tips paid to employees has been revoked. This represents a reduction in bureaucracy for the catering industry, which is often the focus of tax audits, particularly with regard to cash management.
In this article, you will learn what this change means and what effects it will have in practice.
The conditions for building new homes have become extremely difficult: rising material prices, high manufacturing costs and, most recently, massive increases in construction interest rates are putting a heavy strain on residential construction. Nevertheless, investing in rental housing can still be worthwhile – tax depreciation options play a key role here.
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In many companies, employees are not only remunerated in the form of salary and bonus payments, but also through additional benefits or non-cash remuneration. As a rule, these so-called non-cash benefits are taxable. But what exactly are non-cash benefits and what should be considered with regard to taxation?
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Private investors in Germany are disadvantaged in many ways from a tax perspective. Setting up a trading company can be a good option here to save taxes on crypto profits. We will show you the advantages and disadvantages of a trading company for crypto, who it is worthwhile for and what needs to be considered when setting it up.
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For restaurateurs, a functioning cash register with an intact technical security system (TSS) is essential. This applies not only to business operations, but also to compliance with legal requirements vis-à-vis the tax authorities.
In this article, you will learn what measures you need to take to minimise tax and legal risks.
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On 6 March 2025, the German Federal Ministry of Finance (BMF) published a new letter on the income tax treatment of crypto assets, replacing the previous letter from May 2022. In large parts, the contents of the previous BMF publication are confirmed, but there are also some exciting changes that crypto investors should be aware of.
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Consuming and possessing cannabis is now legal for adults under certain conditions. This raises the question for employers: What legal rules apply in the workplace? Does it make sense to establish individual rules for your own staff and, if so, what should they be?
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Cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, Ethereum and other digital assets present a new challenge in the drafting of wills. Due to a lack of legal regulations and a lack of established case law, there are considerable legal and tax uncertainties regarding the inheritance and administration of crypto assets. In order to enable heirs to access digital assets smoothly and to minimise tax risks,
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The aim of the Fourth Bureaucracy Relief Act (BEG IV), which came into force on 1 January 2025, is to reduce bureaucracy. It is also intended to make things easier for employers, for example with regard to job references, employment contracts, notices or applications for expectant parents.
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Often, property or real estate assets are held either as private assets or in partnerships. A less common, but potentially advantageous option for larger real estate assets is to hold them in a limited liability company. This alternative offers interesting tax perspectives and structuring options.
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Social media accounts, such as Instagram accounts, are a very personal matter. This raises the question of what the heirs of an account can and cannot do with it. The Higher Regional Court of Oldenburg has now ruled that heirs may also actively use a social media account.
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When it comes to drawing up a will, married couples have various options to choose from that not only offer legal certainty but can also provide tax advantages. The well-known ‘Berlin Testament’ and the increasingly popular variant of the ‘Sylt Testament’ offer different approaches. In addition, the ‘property swing’ and the ‘Sylt model’ are two options for transferring real estate in a tax-optimised manner.
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Even in 2025, cash-intensive companies will still face growing challenges: new legal requirements, the advance of digitalisation and increased tax audits by the tax authorities make professional cash management essential.
Our practical experience from current tax audits shows that, particularly in cash-intensive industries such as the gastronomy and hotel industries,
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While working from home was initially an emergency solution during the coronavirus pandemic, it has now become established in many companies – instead of or alongside office work. However, more and more employers want to get their employees back from the home office to the office (‘return to office’).
But what does labour law have to say about this?
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The introduction of the global minimum tax will result in new obligations for large corporate groups. A central component is the group holding report, which will be relevant for the first time for the 2024 financial year. This article highlights the most important aspects that companies in Germany will have to consider in the future.
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For many employees and self-employed people, the home office has become an important part of their work in the age of the home office. But when and how can you claim costs for such a home office against income tax? And when might the home office be considered business assets?
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As an innovative way to raise capital in the blockchain space, ICOs offer numerous opportunities but also raise tax and regulatory issues. This post gives you an overview of the tax aspects of ICOs from a private and business perspective and shows how to avoid tax pitfalls.
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In principle, the terms managing director and employee are mutually exclusive – managing directors are not considered employees under labour law. Nevertheless, in a recent ruling, the Federal Labour Court (Bundesarbeitsgericht, BAG) decided that an external managing director is to be regarded as an employee in certain constellations, for example with regard to holiday entitlement.
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Many property owners have now received their local property tax assessment and are shocked to find that the property tax payable from 2025 has increased many times over in some cases. How can this be and what options do property owners have? This article explains the most important aspects of the property tax reform with a focus on Bavaria.
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In the case of a wealth/salary gap between spouses, the property settlement swing offers the possibility of transferring assets to the ‘poorer’ spouse independently of the gift tax allowance (500,000 EUR). If gifts have been made between the spouses without their knowledge in the past (e.g. by making payments into a joint account),
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